In 1173, Mieszko III benefited from the Seniorate rule and became a High Duke of Poland. Astutely reading the tides of politics, Mieszko III leveraged his influence to protect Polish interests in the Sprenave region. Surviving the attacks of Vladislav II, Mieszko III united with German crusaders and departed as a member of the Northern Wendish Crusade against the Polabian Slavs in 1147. At the time, Vladislav II ordered a campaign against him and his brother, Boleslav IV. Mieszko III beheld the face of battle early on when he first became the Duke of Greater Poland. King Mieszko III the Old 1173- 1202 High Duke of Poland (r.
Altogether, the German peace and the fratricidal strife accelerated Poland's political fragmentation. All the while, the brothers of Boleslav IV fell upon him in intrigue and even open rebellion. Imposing the peace, Conrad II dictated shameful terms and compelled Boleslav IV to accept the title of "Vassal of the Empire". On the battlefield, the earlier recognition of the Holy Roman Empire and the Holy See could not spare Boleslav IV from defeat. Diplomacy yielded to armed conflict, and the nephew of Frederick Barbarossa, Conrad II, commanded his legions eastward. Yet German power planted the seeds for his undoing.
Upon the fall of Vladislav II, Boleslav IV seized the scepter of power. This magnanimity led to the foundation of churches and colleges in Wroclaw and other Polish cities. Loyally serving these pillars of Christendom, Boleslav generously donated to the Church. Thanks to the patronage of the Holy Roman Empire and the Holy See, Boleslav IV quickly acquired the title of Polish High Duke. King Boleslav IV the Curly 1146-1173 High Duke of Poland, Duke of Silesia, Duke of Masovia, and Duke of Sandomierz. In this way not only did he save his lands from bloody crusades from the West but also created a new Christian potential power center in the East of Europe. In response, a major ruler of the Western Slavs, the Polanian Duke Mieszko I, decided to accept baptism from the Bohemians, together with a marriage to a Bohemian princess, Dobrawa. Fighting as vassals of the Holy Roman Emperors, the Saxons brought with them Christianity which they imposed with fire and sword. In the 10th century the expansion of the Teutonic tribes reached the Polanian territory. The Baptism of Poland took place under pressure of dramatic events. Since that moment, Poland entered the realm of Western Civilization, with Polish identity and the state structure shaped according to the Western model. However, it is the baptism of Poland in 966 that is considered an official beginning of the Polish state. THE REALM OF THE PIASTS - Piast dynasty 966 - 1370 Piast dynasty 966 - 1370 Organized Slavic states between the Oder and the Niemen River existed well before 10th century. In this way, the so-called Sarmatian myth which arose in Poland in the 16th century may well turn out to be true. The DNA research suggests as well a link with central Asia, which can be explained by four theories. In contrary to what was believed before, modern science allows us to infer that the human settlement in the region has been characterized by genetic continuity of a rather homogenous nature since the Bronze Age. This is how we know that the Poles are Slavic people who have inhabited Central and Eastern Europe between the Oder and Vistula River for thousands of years. All those sources provide information on lands which became Poland and the people who inhabited them after the retreat of the glaciers from Europe (Last Glacial Maximum - LGM). Polish prehistory To discover the mysteries of the past, historians and other scholars studying those domains work with a number of sources, such as various artifacts and structures of non-written cultures, songs and tales, and, recently, also genetic material (DNA).
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